英検２級読解Part3

たむかい学習教室
5月19日
読了時間: 16分

更新日：3 日前

英検２級読解Part3

　当ブログでは、授業のポイント解説をしています。

　塾生たちは、５月の第１回英語検定に向けた対策学習を行っています。過去問の長文読解を中心に対策を進めています。２級の問題は、高校３年間の学習内容が出題範囲となります。

2022年度・第３回　２Ａ

※問題省略

Johnny Appleseed

　The tale of Johnny Appleseed is an American legend. According to the story, Appleseed's dream was to grow enough apples for everybody to have plenty to eat. He traveled all across the United States, planting apple trees on the way. Much of this story is fiction. However, Johnny Appleseed was based on a real person. This was a man called John Chapman, who was born in the northeastern state of Massachusettes in 1774.

　At the time, many people in the eastern United States were moving west to find cheap land. Chapman saw this as a chance to make money. He got free bags of apple seeds from producers of cider, an alcoholic drink made from apples. As he traveled around, he bought land and planted apple trees in places that would likely become towns. Later, he would return to these places to check his apple trees and sell them. Sometimes, he also sold his land to people who wanted to settle there.

　Chapman became popular with the people that he visited on his travels. He would bring them news from far away and tell them stories from his interesting life. Also, it seems that he was a kind person. If someone paid for his apple trees with clothes, he would then give these clothes to people who needed them more than he did. He was happy to wear a jacket made from an old cloth bag, and he rarely wore shoes, even in winter. The story of Johnny Appleseed is mainly a legend. At least, though, it contains a few seeds of truth taken from Chapman's life.

語句

tale：話

legend：伝説

according to：～によると

plenty：たくさん

plant：植える

fiction：フィクション

be based on：～に基づく

northeastern：北東部

cheap：安価な

land：土地

producer：生産者

cider：サイダー

alcoholic drink：アルコール飲料

likely：おそらく

settle：定住する

become popular with：～で人気になる

far away：遠く

cloth bag：布袋

rarely：めったに～ない

mainly：おもに

at least：少なくとも

contain：含む

truth：真実

文法

分詞構文　カンマ+~ing

「～しながら」

, planting apple trees on the way

非制限用法　カンマ+関係代名詞

先行詞を限定する

This was a man called John Chapman, who was born in the northeastern state of Massachusettes in 1774.

分詞の後置修飾

an alcoholic drink made from apples

※make from→材料が見た目で分からない場合

a few seeds of truth taken from Chapman's life

接続詞"as"

「～しながら」

As he traveled around

時制の一致

he bought land and planted apple trees in places that would likely become towns

過去の習慣"would"

「よく～したものだった」

he would return to these places

He would bring them news

it seems that ~

「～であるように思える」

it seems that he was a kind person

直説法"if"（仮定法ではない）

If someone paid for his apple trees with clothes, he would then give these clothes to people

本文は、単純に過去のことを表していて、"would"は過去の習慣（よく～したものだ）の意味になる。

「if 過去形, +過去助動詞」の形が、必ずしも仮定法の文になるとは限らない。

代動詞"do / did"

people who needed them more than he did

did＝needed

2022年度・第３回　２Ｂ

※問題省略

Sea Shanties

　Life on large sailing ship was hard. Sailors could be away from their homes and families for months or even years. The food they had to eat was often dried and in bad condition. The work that the sailors had to do on a ship was usually boring and physically tiring. To make matters worse, the sea itself was a very dangerous place, especially during storms, and accidents were common. It is not surprising that sailors started to make and sing their own songs to stay cheerful.

　These songs, called "sea shanties," come in two varieties. "Capstan shanties" were used for work that needed a regular pace without stopping, such as raising the ship's anchor. "Pulling shanties" were used when the sailors pulled ropes to raise the sails. They sang these shanties as they worked together for a few seconds, stopped to take a breath, and then started again. During these shanties, one of the sailors, known as the "shantyman," would sing out a line. The other sailors would all sing the next line together. This helped them to keep a steady rhythm.

　After the invention of steamships, sailors no longer had to work together in teams. The ships' engines did all the hard work. Even so, sea shanties have remained popular. One reason is that their words are often based on funny stories. There are groups all over the world who get together to sing these amusing songs. Some people even write new ones. Like the sea shanties of the past, new ones also usually contain a lot of humor.

語句

sailing ship：帆船

sailor：乗組員

away：離れた

condition：状態

boring：退屈な

physically：肉体的に

tiring：疲れさせる

to make matters worse：さらに悪いことに

especially：特に

storm：嵐

accident：事故

common：よくある、頻繁な

cheerful：陽気な

variety：種類

regular：一定の

pace：ペース

raise：持ち上げる

anchor：錨（いかり）

sail：帆

second：秒

take a breath：一息つく

sing out：大声で歌う

line：歌詞の節

steady：安定した

rhythm：リズム

invention：発明

steamship：蒸気船

no longer：もはや～でない

even so：そうであっても

remain：～のままである

amusing：おもしろい、愉快な

contain：含む

humor：ユーモア

文法

接触節（名詞＋主語・動詞）

The food they had to eat was often dried and in bad condition.

接続詞"as"

「～するときに」

as they worked together for a few seconds

分詞の後置修飾

one of the sailors, known as the "shantyman,"

カンマで挟まれている節は、補足と強調

help A to ~（＝help A 原形）

「Aが～するのを助ける」

This helped them to keep a steady rhythm.

代名詞"one"

代わりのものが複数の場合は"ones"

Some people even write new ones.

"it"は完全に同じもの（特定のもの）をさす

2022年度・第３回　３Ａ

※問題省略（Ｅメール形式の問題）

From：Gravelton Comic Show

To：Alice Sullivan

Date：January 22

Subject：Thank you for signing up

Dear Alice,

Thank you for signing up online for the eighth annual Gravelton Comic Show. This year's show will be held at the convention center in Gravelton on Saturday, February 18, and it will be our biggest ever. There will be thousands of comic books on sale, including rare items and comic books by local creators, as well as T-shirts, posters, and other goods from your favorite comic books. You'll also have the chance to meet and talk to some of the artists and writers who created them.

As usual, we'll be holding costume contests for visitors. One contest is for kids aged 12 or under, and the other is for everybody else. If you want to participate, please sign up at the reception desk by noon. Please note that your costume must have been made by you. People wearing costumes bought from store will not be allowed to enter the contest. Be creative, and you might win a fantastic prize.

We ask all visitors to respect one another. Please do not touch other people's costumes or take photos of them without getting permission first. Also, please remember that eating and drinking are not allowed in the main hall of the convention center. In addition to the convention center's cafeteria, there will also be food trucks selling snacks and drinks in the square outside the center.

We look forward to seeing you at the show!

Gravelton Comic Show Staff

語句

sign up：登録を申し込む

annual：年1回の、毎年の

convention：会議

include：含む

rare：希少な

local：地元の

creator：制作者

as well as：同様に

as usual：いつものように、例年通り

age：歳を取る、～歳になる

participate：参加する

reception：受付

note：留意する

allow：許可する

creative：創造的な

win a prize：受賞する

fantastic：素晴らしい

respect：敬意を払う

permission：許可

in addition to：～に加えて

cafeteria：食堂

food truck：キッチンカー、移動式屋台

square：広場

look forward to：～を楽しみにする

文法

助動詞＋受動態

This year's show will be held

People wearing costumes bought from store will not be allowed to enter the contest.

助動詞＋進行形

we'll be holding costume contests

there be（is/are/was/were） ~

「～がある、いる」

There will be thousands of comic books

there will also be food trucks

形容詞"else"

代名詞のあとに置く

the other is for everybody else

✖ else something

✖ else who

助動詞+現在完了

your costume must have been made by you

現在完了＋受動態

your costume must have been made by you

分詞の後置修飾

People wearing costumes bought from store

look forward to + 名詞・動名詞

We look forward to seeing you at the show!

2022年度・第３回　３Ｂ

※問題省略

The King's Little Path

　For thousands of years, the Guadalhorce river has flowed through the mountains of southern Spain. Over time, it has created an impressive narrow valley with high rock walls that are 300 meters above the river in some places. At the beginning of the 20th century, engineers decided that the fast-flowing river was a good place for a dam that could be used to generate electricity. A one-meter-wide concrete walkway was built high up on the walls of the valley for people to reach the dam from a nearby town.

　To begin with, the walkway was only used by workers at the power plant and local people who wanted to get to the other side of the mountains. Soon, news of the walkway's amazing views spread, and it became popular with hikers. The engineers decided to improve the walkway to make it more attractive to tourists, and in 1921, it was officially opened by King Alfonso ⅩⅢ of Spain. After the ceremony, the king walked the eight-kilometer route, and it became known as El Caminito del Rey, meaning "the king 's little path."

　Despite its popularity, the walkway was not well looked after. Holes appeared in places where the concrete had been damaged. Originally, there was a metal fence on one side of the walkway to stop people from falling, but this broke and fell to the bottom of the valley. El Caminito del Rey became famous as the most dangerous hiking path in the world, and people from many countries came for the excitement of walking along it. However, after four deaths in two years, the government decided to close the walkway in 2001.

　Interest in El Caminito del Rey remained, and 2.2 million euros were spent on rebuilding the walkway with wood and steel. The new walkway was opened in 2015, and although it is safer than the old one, some people still find it frightening. Despite this, the dramatic scenery attracts many visitors. To keep El Caminito del Rey in good condition for as long as possible, hikers must now buy tickets to use it, and only 300,000 tickets are available each year.

語句

flow：流れる

over time：時間とともに

impressive：印象的な

narrow：狭い

valley：谷

at the beginning of：～の初めに

engineer：技術者

generate：生み出す

electricity：電気

concrete：コンクリート

walkway：歩道

nearby：近くの

to begin with：まず初めに

power plant：発電所

spread：広がる

improve：改善する

attractive：魅力的な

officially：正式に

ceremony：式典、儀式

path：道

despite：～にも関わらず

popularity：人気

look after：管理する、世話をする

appear：現れる

damage：損傷する

originally：本来は、元は

metal：金属製の

excitement：興奮

death：死者

government：政府

interest：関心

remain：存続する、残る

euro：ユーロ

rebuild：再建する

steel：鋼鉄

although：～だけれども

frighten：怖がらせる

dramatic：劇的な

scenery：景色

attract：ひきつける、魅了する

available：利用できる、有効な

文法

助動詞＋受動態

a dam that could be used to generate electricity

関係副詞"where"

Holes appeared in places where the concrete had been damaged.

find A ~ing

「Aが～していることが分かる」

some people still find it frightening

keep A B

「AをBのままにしておく」

To keep El Caminito del Rey in good condition for as long as possible

as 原級 as possible

「できるだけ～」

To keep El Caminito del Rey in good condition for as long as possible

2022年度・第３回　３Ｃ

※問題省略

The Evolution of Laughter

　Laughter is not only a way to express our feeling that something is funny, but it is also something that is good for our health. In the short term, it can help to relax muscles and improve blood flow, and in the long term, it can make our bodies better at fighting diseases. Researchers have been investigating how laughter evolved in humans by looking for similar behavior in other animals. A study carried out at the University of California, Los Angeles, has revealed evidence of laughter-like behavior in over 60 species.

　It has long been known that chimpanzees laugh, although the sound is a little different from human laughter. When most humans laugh, they only make a noise when they breathe out, but when chimpanzees laugh, they make a noise both when they breathe out and when they breathe in. Chimpanzees are closely related to humans, so it is not really surprising that they, gorillas, and orangutans laugh. However, as these animals do not have the complicated languages needed to tell jokes, the researchers were interested to find out what makes them laugh.

　The researchers found that chimpanzees made these laughing noises when they were playing roughly with each other. They believe that laughter is a chimpanzee's way of letting others know that it is not really trying to harm them. Playing allows chimpanzees and other animals to develop fighting and hunting skills as well as to build stronger relationships with the other members of their groups.

　By listening for the noises made by other animals during play behavior, the researchers were able to identify "laughter" in a wide range of animals. Dogs, for example, breaths loudly when they play, and dolphins make special clicking noises. In the case of rats, the laughter-like sounds they make when they are touched gently are too high for humans to hear. However, the sounds can be detected with special equipment. The researchers have concluded that laughter began to evolve as a signal to others that they can relax and have fun. Of course, humans laugh for a variety of reasons, so researchers still have much to learn about how this behavior evolved.

語句

evolution：進化

laughter：笑い

express：表現する

term：期間

muscle：筋肉

blood flow：血流

disease：病気

researcher：研究者

investigate：調査する

evolve：進化する

similar：同様の

behavior：行動

carry out：実行する

reveal：明らかにする

evidence：証拠

species：種（しゅ）

make a noise：音を立てる

breathe：息をする

closely：密接に

relate：関係する

complicate：複雑にする

find out：明らかにする、探し出す

roughly：乱暴に

let：～させる

harm：危害を加える

develop：発達させる

skill：技術

relationship：関係

play：遊び

identify：識別する

range：範囲

loudly：大きな音を立てて、大声で

clicking noise：カチカチ音

gently：優しく

detect：検出する

equipment：装置

conclude：結論付ける

signal：合図

a variety of：さまざまな

文法

間接疑問（疑問詞＋主語・動詞）

how laughter evolved in humans

人類において笑いがどのように進化したか

what makes them laugh

何が彼らを笑わせるのか

分詞の後置修飾

A study carried out at the University of California

the complicated languages needed to tell jokes

※complicated→ 前置修飾（形容詞）

the noises made by other animals

it is known that ~（形式主語"it"）

「～だと知られている」

It has long been known that chimpanzees laugh

接続詞"as"

「～なので」

as these animals do not have the complicated languages

使役動詞"make" A 原形

「Aを～させる」

what makes them laugh

使役動詞"let" A 原形

a chimpanzee's way of letting others know

接触節（名詞＋主語・動詞）

the laughter-like sounds they make when they are touched gently

too ~ for A to ・・

「～すぎてＡが・・できない」

the laughter-like sounds they make when they are touched gently are too high for humans to hear.

allow A to ~

「Aが～することを可能にする、～できるようにする」

Playing allows chimpanzees and other animals to develop fighting and hunting skills

👉準２級/２級・文法

👉準２級/２級・二次試験

当塾では、リーディングのほか、リスニングやスピーキングの活動も取り入れながら、「受験や高校で活かせる英語力」が身につくよう指導に努めております。

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生徒のホンネ

「数学や英語が苦手。何から始めたらいい？」

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　５教科対応、完全マンツーマンで指導いたします。弱点を着実に克服でき、「わかる・できる」につながります。学校の授業が定着しやくすなり、成績アップも期待できます。

★受験に強い個別指導★

　入試の出題範囲は広く、十分な対策時間と学習量が必要になります。受験に向けて、対策時間と学習量をしっかりと確保できるのは、完全１対１授業の強みです。

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　＜１か月授業料（税込）＞

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　(例)１回・90分授業の場合

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　⇒完全90分の個別指導（当塾）

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親御さんの声

「できる問題が増え勉強に自信がついたようで、期待感があります」

「苦手だった英語と数学が伸び始めたので、正直ホッとしています」

「成績の伸び幅と年間の費用を考えると、転塾して正解でした」

合格実績

八戸高　八戸東高　八戸北高　八戸西高　国立八戸高専　八戸工業高　八戸商業高　八戸工業大学第一高　八戸工業大学第二高　千葉学園高　八戸聖ウルスラ学院・英語科

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指導実績

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今年度塾生28名（2025年4月現在）

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塾生の声

苦手意識から「自信」へ

（中学３年）

　今まで分からないことが多く、学校の授業についていけないことがあったり、テストで全く解けない問題もありましたが、先生から考え方や解き方を分かりやすく丁寧に教えてもらい、解ける問題が増えてテストの点数が大きく上がりました。この教室に通って、勉強に自信が持てるようになりました。

３年間の積み重ねで受験合格

（小学６年）

　４年生の時から通い始めました。３年間の授業で、先生は分からない問題を理解しやすく、そしてやさしく教えてくれました。本当にこの塾で良かったと思っています。６年生の冬には、志望校の受験に合格することができました。一貫校に進むので、次は大学受験です。中学に上がっても、目標のためにこの塾で学んでいきます。

苦手の克服が高得点に

（高校１年）

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